NSAIDs are some of the most commonly prescribed pain and anti-inflammatory drugs, but they can have serious side effects especially for the gastro-intestinal system. Compounded topical application of these same drugs can be as beneficial as when taken orally without the complications of systemic side effects.
Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: The Importance of Drug, Delivery, and Therapeutic Outcome.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=22367354
Coming to terms with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=22564130
Evolution of Topical NSAIDs in the Guidelines for Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Elderly Patients.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=22559274
Quantitative systematic review of topically applied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=9487165